South Bay data center boom sparks questions about water and climate impacts

A new report reveals significant blind spots in environmental reviews for the more than a dozen data center projects under development in Santa Clara County, California, particularly concerning water usage and climate impacts. Researchers from Santa Clara University and the San Francisco-based policy nonprofit Next 10 conducted a statewide survey, finding that current legal requirements make it difficult to assess the cumulative environmental footprint of these facilities amidst a rapid AI-fueled expansion. They warn that the lack of clarity could hinder local planners in managing environmental challenges like drought.

The report highlights that while many data centers use water for cooling, operators rarely publicly report actual water usage, making it difficult to verify projections. Additionally, environmental reviews often omit crucial details like cooling system types or water sources (potable vs. recycled). Iris Stewart-Frey, an environmental science professor at Santa Clara University, emphasized the unknown strain on the environment, especially given the reliance on water from the Sierra Nevada. Santa Clara County currently hosts about 80 data centers, with 16 more planned.

Residents in San Jose have voiced strong opposition to the city’s data center expansion plans, demanding transparency, public engagement, comprehensive environmental and water impact assessments, and enforceable protections. Ellina Yin, a San Jose resident leading an opposition movement, stressed the need for accountability before further approvals. Both San Jose and Santa Clara officials claim rigorous review processes are in place. State lawmakers are currently considering new legislation to stiffen oversight and strengthen water usage reporting requirements for data centers, though the Silicon Valley Leadership Group warns against over-regulation.