As data centers expand across Arizona, experts weigh water concerns and evolving technology
Arizona communities are debating whether the state has enough water to sustain massive data centers amidst drought concerns. Experts highlight that water consumption varies by data center technology, with newer cooling methods requiring less. While some municipalities have pushed the pause button on new developments, strict local oversight and conservation planning are crucial for long-term water supply.
Communities across Arizona are grappling with the balance between the economic benefits of tech expansion and ongoing drought concerns, particularly regarding the water demands of massive data centers. Sarah Porter, director of the Kyl Center for Water Policy at Arizona State University, explains that water consumption by data centers is highly variable, depending on their size and the cooling technology employed. She notes a trend towards less water-intensive cooling methods and new computer chips designed for higher operating temperatures.
Despite the evolving technology, securing approval for new data center projects in Arizona involves rigorous compliance with municipal water ordinances and state-level Assured Water Supply rules. These regulations mandate that cities and utilities demonstrate a 100-year water supply commitment without depleting resources for existing residents. While some municipalities have already paused new developments, Porter believes that with strict local oversight and advanced conservation planning, data centers alone are unlikely to destabilize Arizona's long-term water supply, even with ongoing cuts along the Colorado River.