NJ data center emitted staggering amounts of air pollution for nearly a year before regulators intervened
DataOne’s Vineland data center operated 62 unpermitted gas-fired generators for nearly a year, releasing an estimated 140 tons of nitrogen oxides and potentially more than 1,500 tons annually at full use. The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection fined the company $1 million and ordered it to obtain permits or stop operating the generators, while residents continue to raise noise and health concerns.
Public records and expert analysis indicate that DataOne operated 62 gas-fired generators at its Vineland data center for nearly a year without required air permits. Rutgers environmental scientist Xiaomeng Jin estimated the generators released about 140 tons of nitrogen oxides, while she and former EPA enforcement official Bruce Buckheit said full operation could produce more than 1,500 tons annually.
The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection fined DataOne $1 million and is requiring the company to seek permits or cease operations, although the generators may continue running during a 45-day compliance period. DataOne disputes the agency’s determination that permits were required and says it is transitioning to lower-emission fuel cells. Microsoft said it expects its suppliers and partners to comply with applicable regulations.
Vineland residents have reported months of generator noise, with more than 100 complaints filed with the Cumberland County Department of Health. Local officials documented generator activity before state regulators intervened, prompting residents to question regulatory oversight and seek independent air monitoring.