Data centers: the good, bad and unknown
Texas is experiencing significant discourse surrounding data center development, with concerns primarily focusing on water usage, power consumption, and local community impact. Governor Greg Abbott previously paused data center construction across the state. Experts propose solutions like energy-positive and water-neutral operations, along with strategic site selection to mitigate negative effects.
Data center development in Texas has sparked considerable debate, with Governor Greg Abbott issuing a pause on construction in August due to mounting concerns. Chemical engineering professor Brian Korgel identified water, power, and local disruption as the three main issues.
Water usage is a critical concern, as highlighted by mechanical engineering professor Michael Webber. He explained that data centers' water intensity depends on their cooling technologies, with air-cooled or other innovative systems being more sustainable. Companies like Meta, which has a data center in El Paso, are striving for "water positive" operations by minimizing usage and investing in local conservation.
Regarding power, electrical and computer engineering professor Ross Baldick noted that some data centers demand gigawatt-level power, significantly exceeding typical commercial needs. This has prompted developers to build their own generation, such as solar, wind, or gas turbines. While gas turbines can raise pollution concerns, they might also act as energy reserves, potentially encouraging a greener grid. Webber added that major tech companies like Meta, Microsoft, and Amazon have the resources and motivation to invest in improving local grids. Finally, energy law professor David Spence addressed local impact, suggesting that placing data centers away from residential areas could mitigate issues like noise pollution and rapid development. Despite these challenges, experts acknowledge the potential economic benefits and the role of AI, powered by data centers, in addressing global issues like cancer research.