Vineland, New Jersey data center accused of federal law violations for unpermitted generators
DataOne, a Microsoft-backed AI data center in Vineland, New Jersey, is accused of violating federal law by operating dozens of unpermitted gas-powered generators, as revealed by a Floodlight investigation. Local residents have filed a lawsuit over persistent noise pollution and health concerns from emissions. New Jersey environmental authorities have confirmed no permits for the generators and the city has issued stop-work orders.
DataOne, a large AI data center under construction in Vineland, New Jersey, is facing accusations of federal law violations after an investigation by Floodlight, in partnership with The Guardian, revealed the facility is operating dozens of unpermitted gas-powered generators. Thermal drone footage captured by Floodlight showed at least 45 of the site's 62 generators running last week, despite the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) confirming no permits have been issued or are under review for power generators at the facility.
Bruce Buckheit, a former EPA air enforcement chief, stated that DataOne's activities "violates federal law" and called for an immediate halt to operations and fines for "illegal emissions." The NJDEP spokesperson noted they observed generators during a July 29 inspection and are working on a full compliance determination. Microsoft, a backer of DataOne through a $17-billion deal with Nebius, declined to comment, while DataOne stated it is "committed to meeting all applicable environmental and permitting requirements."
The controversial Vineland site has drawn persistent noise complaints from local residents, including Andrew and Stevi Groetsch, who live near the facility and describe the humming as "constant." These complaints have led to a lawsuit filed in New Jersey state court over noise pollution. Furthermore, the Cumberland County Department of Public Health cited DataOne in March for violating noise ordinances, and the City of Vineland recently issued stop-work orders for issues like moving fuel cells without permission.
DataOne initially sought permits for gas-burning engines but withdrew the application due to NJDEP deficiencies, now planning to use Bloom fuel cells capable of 300 megawatts, which produce less air pollution but significant carbon dioxide. Until these are operational, the facility relies on the unpermitted gas generators, which began operation as early as October and were seen active in June via drone footage. Critics, like Buckheit, suggest the company prioritizes "speed to market" over compliance.